🗣 IPA: tʃam6; 粵拼: zaam6
詹憲慈《香港中文大學出版社·廣州語本字·518 嫸開》原文:
嫸者以他語枝格人言也俗讀嫸若站説文嫸好枝格人語也不善大言而以他語枝格之廣州謂之嫸開廣韻嫸旨善切以桂林音讀嫸則近站
試解:
翻書仔注:
「嫸」義按 [北宋]《廣韻》註「偏忮」,偏為偏差之偏,忮據 [東漢]《說文解字》為「很」也。皆有貶義。从女善音,字形令人費解。或曰古人好陰陽之分,陰陽實無分褒貶,純為分別相對所用,如男為陽相對女屬陰。若「善」有褒義則相對貶義之「善」寫為「嫸」?
「旨善切」:
- 章母全清
- 獮韻開口三等
- 宋擬唐音 IPA: tɕĭɛn 上聲
- 推算粵音 IPA: tʃin2 陰上聲 (調值 35) 🗣
推算粵音合香港中文大學《粵語審音配詞字庫》「嫸」之注音。中大字庫註字義為 「(1)打斷別人話柄 ,(2)嘲笑, (3)固執」。據 [清] 段玉裁之《說文解字注》「嫸」:謂不欲人語、而言他以枝格之也。網上《新華字典》註「嫸」:好岔開別人的話。
詹氏謂「以桂林音讀嫸,則近站」未可考。然桂林屬壯族人聚居之廣西。壯語呼打岔為壯拼: dajcaq。另有壯拼: camhbak 及 cembak 亦解打岔。壯語 bak 即嘴也。故 camhbak 或 cembak 可解岔嘴。詹氏所謂之「俗讀嫸若站」或應是「俗讀嫸若壯語 camh (IPA: ɕaːm 調值 33) 或 cem (IPA: ɕem 調值 24)」。蓋「站」之拼音乃 IPA: tʃam6 (調值 22),近壯語音也。
香港人今謔稱「以他語枝格人言」為「閘住」。「閘」大概亦為「站」之音變。因北音缺入聲,而陽聲韻3字於廣府話有對應之入聲韻同義字,變讀入聲有加強語氣作用。詹氏之「嫸」義合然韻尾及聲調不合,不應為本字之選。本文認為詹氏之例詞 「IPA: tʃam6 開」之 IPA: tʃam6 或源自壯語,故屬有音無字。
Synopsis:
A way to describe disrupting a conversation is “IPA: tʃam6 hɔi1” written according to the book as 嫸開. The word in study here is 嫸 which on research the pronunciation should be IPA: tʃin2. Besides having different Final and Tone, the character 嫸 was used to describe female behaviour and has been rarely used after the Song Dynasty. This article advocates that it is a poor candidate for the Original Character in this context. Instead, it is possible that the Cantonese sound IPA: tʃam6 may have its origin from the aboriginal Tai-Kadai languages and the Zhuang language in particular. As such, it should be a word without a matching Original Character.
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